Орієнтовні питання до іспиту з практичної граматики англійської мови

MORPHOLOGY

1. The noun: morphological and syntactic characteristics.The category of number. The category of case.

2. Classification of nouns.

3. The article: its use.
4. The pronoun: its classification.
5. The numeral: cardinal and ordinal numerals. The functions of the numeral in the sentence.
6. The adjective: degrees of comparison. Substantivized adjectives.
7. Indefinite tenses: the1`ir use.
8. Continuous tenses: their use.
9. Perfect tenses: their use.
10. Perfect continuous tenses: their use.
11. The sequence of tenses: use in indirect speech.
12. The passive voice: function and use. The passive voice. Its formation and use.
13. The homonymy of the construction to be + participle II.
14. Modal verbs: general characteristics.
15. Modal verbs: shall, will (would), need: meaning and use.
16. The modal verb can (could): meaning and use. Can (could) + perfect inf
17. The modal verb may (might): meaning and use. May (might) + perfect infinitive.
18. The modal verb must: meaning and use. Must + perfect infinitive.
19. Modal verbs should and ought to: meaning and use. Should and ought to + perfect infinitive.
20. Modal expressions have + infinitive (have to); be + infinitive (be to) in comparison

with other modal verbs which express obligation.

21. Mood as a grammatical category: general characteristics.
22. The indicative mood and the imperative mood.
23. The subjunctive mood. The synthetic forms of the subjunctive mood: use in the simple sentence.
24. The analytical forms of the subjunctive mood: use in the simple sentence.
25. The subjunctive mood in:

- sentences of unreal condition;

- subject and object clauses;

- predicative clauses;

- adverbial clauses of comparison after as if, as though;

- adverbial clauses of concession.

26. The infinitive: nominal and verbal characteristics.
27. The functions of the infinitive in the sentence.
28. The objective-with-the infinitive construction: use and function in the sentence.
29. The subjective infinitive construction: use and function in the sentence.
30. The for-to-infinitive construction: use and functions in the sentence.
31. The gerund: nominal and verbal characteristics.
32. The use of the gerund.
33. The gerund and the verbal noun in -ing.
34. The functions of the gerund in the sentence.
35. Predicative constructions: general characteristics.
36. Predicative constructions with the gerund.
37. The participle: general characteristics. The tense and voice distinctions.
38. Participle I: functions in the sentence.
39. Participle II: functions in the sentence.
40. Predicative constructions with the participle.
41. The adverb: classification according to meaning.
42. Formal words: prepositions, conjunctions, modal words.

SYNTAX

1. The simple sentence: classification according to the purpose of utterance and structure.
2. The principal parts of the sentence.
3. Two-member and one-member sentences.
4. The subject: ways of expressing the subject.
5. The formal and the notional it.
6. The complex subject: means of expressing and use.
7. The predicate: classification according to meaning and structure.
8. The compound nominal predicate: the nature of its components.
9. The compound verbal predicate: the nature of its components.
10. The compound verbal aspect predicate: the nature of its components.
11. Mixed types of predicates.
12. Agreement of the predicate with the subject.
13. The principal and the secondary parts of the sentence.
14. The object: ways of expressing the object.
15. Kinds of objects.
16. Direct and indirect objects.
17. The complex object: means of expressing and use.
18. The attribute: ways of expressing.
19. The apposition.
20. The adverbial modifier: classification according to meaning.
21. Inversion
22. Ways of expressing adverbial modifiers.
23. Types of composite sentences.
24. The compound sentence: syndetic and asyndetic connection.
25. The complex sentence: means of connection.
26. Types of subordinate clauses.
27. Nominal clauses. Their classification
28. Subject subordinate clauses: means of connection.
29. Predicative subordinate clauses: means of connection.
30. Object subordinate clauses: means of connection.
31. Attributive clauses: classification.
32. The use of relative pronouns in attributive clauses.
33. Adverbial subordinate clauses: general classification.
34. Adverbial clauses of:

       – time and place: means of connection;

   – manner and comparison: means of connection;

   – condition and concession: means of connection;

   – cause, purpose, result: means of connection.

35. Parenthetical clauses.
36. Mixed types of composite sentences.
37. Punctuation in simple and composite sentences